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Korean Kinship & Address Terms — The Complete Beginner Map

Korean doesn't just have words for family — it runs everyday social life on them. Friends become 'older brothers' and 'older sisters,' coworkers become 'seniors,' and choosing the wrong word can turn a compliment into an insult.

This page organizes every address term a beginner needs into one system. Start with the 2×2 sibling grid, then expand outward to school, work, and strangers.

Use this as a map, not a memorization list — once you know roughly where a term sits (older/younger, family/social), click through to that specific term's page for the full nuance and examples before you actually use it on someone.

  1. 01

    What Does 오빠 (Oppa) Mean in Korean?

    오빠 (oppa) is what a girl calls an older brother or close male friend in Korean — who can use it, when to…

  2. 02

    What Does 형 (Hyung) Mean in Korean?

    형 (hyeong) is what a boy or man calls an older brother or close male friend — how it differs from 오빠…

  3. 03

    What Does 언니 (Unnie) Mean in Korean?

    Unnie (언니, officially eonni) is what a woman calls an older sister or older female friend.

  4. 04

    What Does 누나 (Noona) Mean in Korean?

    Noona (누나, also spelled nuna) is what a man calls an older sister or older female friend.

  5. 05

    오빠 (Oppa) vs 형 (Hyung): What's the Difference?

    오빠 (oppa) and 형 (hyung) both mean 'older male' — the speaker's gender decides which one to use.

  6. 06

    언니 (Unnie) vs 누나 (Noona): What's the Difference?

    Unnie (언니) and noona (누나) both mean older female; the speaker's gender decides: girls say 언니, boys say 누나.

  7. 07

    What Does 동생 (Dongsaeng) Mean in Korean?

    동생 (dongsaeng) means younger sibling, or a close younger friend.

  8. 08

    What Does 막내 (Maknae) Mean in Korean?

    Maknae (막내) means the youngest member of a family, team or K-pop group.

  9. 09

    What Does 선배 (Sunbae) Mean in Korean?

    Sunbae (선배, also seonbae) is someone who joined your school, company or field before you, not just someone…

  10. 10

    What Does 아줌마 (Ajumma) Mean in Korean?

    Ajumma (아줌마, also ajuma or ahjumma) means a middle-aged woman in Korean — but it can offend.

  11. 11

    What Does 아저씨 (Ajusshi) Mean in Korean?

    Learn what 아저씨 (ajusshi) means in Korean — 'mister' or middle-aged man — when it's fine, when it…

  12. 12

    What Does 형님 (Hyungnim) Mean in Korean?

    형님 (hyungnim) is the extra-respectful version of 형 — including its workplace and 'gangster boss' K-drama…

  13. 13

    What Does 사촌 (Sachon) Mean in Korean?

    Cousin in Korean is 사촌 (sachon), one word for any cousin.

  14. 14

    What Does 삼촌 (Samchon) Mean in Korean?

    삼촌 (samchon) is 'uncle' on the father's side in Korean, also used loosely for any uncle-like man — plus…

  15. 15

    What Does 이모 (Imo) Mean in Korean?

    이모 (imo) means 'aunt' on the mother's side in Korean — and, in everyday speech, the way you address…

  16. 16

    What Does 고모 (Gomo) Mean in Korean?

    고모 (gomo) is 'aunt' on the father's side in Korean, as opposed to 이모 on the mother's side — with the…

  17. 17

    Korean Family Titles Beyond Mom and Dad

    What to call aunts, uncles and cousins in Korean: 이모 (imo), 고모 (gomo), 삼촌 (samchon), 외삼촌 and 사촌 (sachon) —…

  18. 18

    Why Koreans Often Don't Know Their Friends' Spouses' Names

    It's completely normal in Korea to not know a close friend's spouse's first name — kinship titles replace…

  19. 19

    Korean In-Law Titles Chart: What to Call Your Spouse's Family (Free PDF)

    A free one-page chart of Korean family titles after marriage: siblings' spouses, a wife's in-laws (시댁) and…